Delirium is a serious change in mental abilities resulting in confused thinking and a lack of awareness of surroundings. Identifying and managing delirium in senior living residents is crucial, as symptoms of delirium are sometimes confused with dementia. However, there are key differences between the two diagnoses, including:
- Onset – Delirium occurs suddenly, within a day or two, whereas dementia typically begins with minor symptoms that worsen over time.
- Attention – Delirium impairs focus, while in early stages of dementia, a person remains alert.
- Rapid changes in symptoms – Delirium symptoms fluctuate throughout the day, while dementia tends to have more consistent patterns.
Common causes of delirium include:
- UTIs
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Certain medications
- ICU Hospitalization
As caregivers, we are acutely aware of the cognitive changes common in older adults. However, a study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (August 23, 2024) found that within 30 days of SNF admission, the rate of cognitive improvement in residents with a diagnosis of delirium was significantly lower than those admitted without delirium. In fact, residents with delirium were 43% less likely to have improved cognition or function within 30 days post-admission.
These numbers are staggering! Think about how many residents we care for daily who present with delirium symptoms. Identifying and managing delirium in senior living residents is critical to ensuring quality care. Failure to identify these changes timely is a leading cause of litigation in post-acute care. Caregivers must be educated to recognize changes in condition and report them promptly. Using tools like SBAR and the STOP and Watch tool can help streamline this process.
Bottom line, having a process to identify and manage a resident’s change in condition is not just a regulatory requirement—it’s our responsibility to provide quality care and avoid negative outcomes.
Stay well and stay informed!
