Swallowing deficits and frailty often go hand in hand, creating a serious risk for older adults. Deterioration of swallowing function (DSF) is common among aging adults and can lead to negative health outcomes such as malnutrition. In a recent study published in BMC Geriatrics, researchers found a significant association between frailty and oral function, with diminished swallowing function emerging as an independent predictor of frailty progression. Read the full study here.

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome defined by increased vulnerability to stressors and linked to adverse outcomes such as disability and mortality. Preventing physical frailty is essential for maintaining older adults’ quality of life. The study on swallowing function and frailty highlights the importance of early detection and care. Additionally, the Japanese Society of Gerontology’s position paper introduces the concept of oral hypofunction, which includes seven indicators:

• Poor oral hygiene
• Oral dryness
• Reduced occlusal force
• Decreased tongue-lip motor function
• Decreased tongue pressure
• Decreased masticatory function
• Deterioration of swallowing function

The bottom line: poor swallowing ability is a significant factor in frailty, and this finding should be part of every resident’s frailty assessment. Dysphagia is not uncommon in senior living communities, but its connection to frailty—and the risk of falls or further decline—makes it crucial to address. Spend time in the dining room during meals and observe residents closely. Are they coughing while eating? Are they leaving more food on their plates? Do they need help cutting food into smaller, manageable pieces? These are subtle indicators of swallowing challenges that shouldn’t be ignored.

Partner with your therapy team and schedule speech therapy staff to observe meals. Encourage them to share their findings during QAPI committee meetings and determine if additional interventions are needed. When it comes to swallowing deficits and frailty, early action can help prevent complications and improve residents’ quality of life.

Stay well and stay informed!